Appendix 3: Theory Of Reverse And Natural Osmosis - Ceasa OSMOTIC Manual De Instrucciones

Appendix 2: REPLACEMENTS
List of replacements for equipments of series OSMOTIC:
Component
Osmotized water faucet
Transformer
Level probe
Electric circuit
Sediment filter
Carbon filter
Remineralizing postfilter
Pump
Triple head
Appendix 3:
THEORY OF REVERSE AND NATURAL OSMOSIS
NATURAL OSMOSIS
When water of higher salt concentration is separated from another of less concentration with a
semipermeable membrane (Fig. 1), water flows from the less concentrated zone to the more
concentrated one, causing a raise of the water level in the more concentrated part. The increase in level
in the more concentrated zone is what it's known as osmotic pressure. The flow continues until water
has the same salt concentration level in both parts.
REVERSE OSMOSIS
If a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure is exerted on the highest column we will be able to invert
the process, that is to say, from a more concentrated liquid we can obtain another os less concentration.
A simplified flow diagram of a reverse osmosis system is shown in Fig. 2 This is a physical process, and
removes chemical compounds, bacterias and virus without adding any chemical product to the water
which could affect its properties. In the OSMOTIC, pressure from the water network is applied to the
system feeding producing a permeate (water with low salt concentration) that will be the osmotized
water from the faucet, and a concentrated (water with high salt concentration) that will be rejected
through the drain.
Osmotic pressure
Pure water
Semipermeable membrane
62
Figure 1
Salt
solution
Code
A-255018
A-251334
A-251016
A-255033
A-255500
A-255700
A-251050
A-253071
A-255013
Figure 2
Semipermeable membrane
Presurized
water
Permeate
Concentrated