STAYER WELDING S45.10KIT Manual De Instrucciones página 26

4.5.- General instructions for use
Before starting, make sure that you read, understand and apply
the safety instructions and the rest of the instructions included in
the present manual.
Hereinafter you will find a series of general indications that will
allow you to initiate yourself in the world of welding and to start to
work efficiently. Instruction on the rudiments of welding by means
of coated electrodes with a relatively moderate level of execution
and on TIG welding having a relatively higher difficulty is provided
in the present manual. Please take into account that, at a
professional level, welding is a qualified and specialized activity.
Please refer to specialized books and regulated professional
training courses for more information.
41.- Welding with coated electrode
In this class of electric arc welding, the electrode itself produced
the heat in the form of an electric arc, the protection ambient and
improves the weld coating and the filler metal when the metal core
of the electrode fuses in accordance with the weld being made.
You must choose the electrode (size and type) that is adequate for
the kind of work to be carried out. The electrode we recommend
due to its mean characteristic, validity or the major part of works
and for being the easiest one to find, is the E-6013 electrode
commonly known as "rutile electrode". The material par
excellence to weld with a coated electrode is carbon steel. The
following table may serve you as an initial orientation for electing
the type of electrode and amperage adjustment of the operation
for medium-type carbon steel of the S275 type.
After having confirmed all safety measures and inspected the
equipment, cleaned, prepared and fastened the material to be
welded, the cables are connected in accordance with the
indications in the tables.
electrode, the output with negative polarity (marked -) is
connected to the piece by means of the mass clamp. The output
with positive polarity (marked +) is connected to the electrode
carrier clamp that has the working electrode connected to it by its
blank end.
The welder must put on his individual protection equipment using
a welding mask or helmet that is adequate for the work and
adequately covers any portion of his skin so as to avoid spills or
radiation.
Welding is started by priming the arc. There are various
processes, the simplest one being scraping the piece.
Once the arc ha started, the electrode is held at a distance that is
approximately equal to the diameter of the electrode itself, and the
advance of the weld is initiated by pulling backwards as if a right-
handed occidental person was writing. The electrode will be kept
in a position near (65º to 80º) to the vertical line with respect to the
horizontal line, and balanced with respect to the weld coating
center, depending on the kind of passing (initial or filling) and the
need of covering the joint to advance in a straight line, zigzag
movement or small circles. A good adjustment of the intensity,
position and advancing speed of the welding results in a pleasant,
soft sound that is similar to the sound of grilled meat on a
barbecue. When the work is carried out correctly, the resulting
weld bead will be homogeneous, with surface marks in the shape
of uniform half-moons. The transverse profile will not be
protruding and the slag formed can be removed easily.
Once the bead has been carried out, remove slag with the
hammer and brush before carrying out a possible subsequent
bead.
For the usual case of the E-6013
ENGLISH
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42.- TIG welding
In tungsten-electrode electric arc welding protected by an inert
gas, the consumable material is not the electrode itself but a filler
rod of a material that similar to the material to be welded.
Compared to the coated-electrode system, the TIG system is less
productive and more difficult in return for a very high weld quality in
almost all metals and alloys thereof, including stainless steel and
situations of links with small thicknesses or without filler material.
The weld is produced without slag, projections or fumes.
Notice: Do not use or sharpen thorium-doped tungsten
electrodes because of the risk deriving for the moderate
radioactive activity of that material. You can recognize the
presence and concentration of thorium dioxide by the indicator
band on the electrode according to EN ISO 688848:2004 (colors:
yellow, red, purple and orange). Avoid these electrodes and use
substitute materials as, for example, electrodes with lanthanum or
cerium derivates (bands: black, grey, blue, gold) that do not have
any radioactive activity.
So as to correctly place the electrode on the torch it must protrude
from the nozzle about 5 mm.
As a general rule, connect the output inversely to the usual
connection of the electrode, the TIG torch to the negative terminal
of the equipment and the mass clamp to the positive terminal.
Prepare and secure the piece. Adjust the current intensity in
accordance with the needs of the kind of material and joint to be
made, first making a test on a test piece. Refer to specialized
literature o regulated professional training for more information in
this respect.
The torch must receive a supply of inert gas (pure argon, usually)
proceeding from a cylinder, through a pressure-reducing system
capable of adequately regulating the gas flow as necessary.
Except for model T100.20H, all equipments require a TIG torch
(not included, STAYER references 38.71 and 38.73) with direct
connection to the flow meter and gas control by means of a shutoff
valve included in the TIG torch itself.
Model T100.20H includes an internal start/stop control so that the
gas passage is governed internally by means of the control
pushbutton of the TIG torch. T100.20H also has the advantage of
the selector switch for additional gas outlet time prior to starting
and after welding has ended. This additional gas provides a higher
protection and quality of work. A short (2 sec., position 'short',
greater saving) or long (6 sec., higher quality, position 'long'), by
means of switch 8 for this purpose.
Except for models S60.17L and T100.20, to initiate the arc, the tip
of the torch must be slightly scratched until imitation of the working
arch.
Model S60.17L has the improved feature of a lift arc starting
system (LiftArc). To initiate the TIG weld, move switch 7 to position
TIG, open the gas outlet valve and bring the tip of the torch into
contact with the piece to be welded. Wait about 2 seconds and
slowly lift the torch so that the arc initiates automatically.
Model T100.20 has the highest arc-priming quality due to that no
physical contact with the piece is needed, so that therefore the
conditions of the arc and weld do not deteriorate due to a contact
with the tungsten electrode. To start TIG welding, move switch 7 to
position TIG and simply bring the tip about 3-5 mm near to the
piece to be welded. Press the pushbutton of the arch so that the
arc initiates automatically. Should there be difficulties in starting,
you can slightly lean the ceramic nozzle on the piece so as to
facilitate priming of the electrode.
Once the arc has initiated, the weld is made in accordance with the
needs thereof. As a general orientation, it must advance in a
manner inverse to electrode welding so that, instead of pulling
backwards, it is started by pushing forward as if the gas flow were
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