Tabla de contenido
APRENDIENDO A SOLDAR
Independiente de su experiencia en soldadura, es importante que se familiarice con su nueva soldadora, sus controles y
los resultados logrados en los distintos valores de ajuste. Le recomendamos enfáticamente que practique con su
soldadora nueva en un trozo de metal. Pruebe distintos ajustes de temperatura, espesores de metal de base y posiciones
para soldar para cada tipo y medida de alambre que vaya a utilizar. Al practicar, usted tendrá una mejor idea de la forma
que estos cambios en estas variables del proceso afectan a la soldadura.
Si nunca antes a soldado MIG, será necesario que desarrolle sus habilidades y técnicas para soldar.
Un soldador autodidacta aprende mediante un método de tanteos. La mejor forma de aprender a soldar es practicando
por períodos cortos en intervalos regulares. Practique soldar en trozos de metal que puedan desecharse. NO intente hacer
ningún tipo de reparación en equipos valiosos hasta que sus soldaduras de práctica tengan buena apariencia y estén libres
de escoria o inclusiones de gas. Lo que no aprenda con la práctica lo aprenderá a través de errores y repetición de
soldaduras más adelante.
COMO SOSTENER LA PISTOLA
Sostenga la pistola de soldar de la manera que le sea más cómoda. Mientras practica con su soldadora nueva, pruebe
sostener la pistola en distintas posiciones hasta que encuentre la que mejor le acomode.
Posición de la pistola con respecto a la pieza a trabajar
En el proceso de soldadura, hay que tomar en consideración dos ángulos de la boquilla de la pistola en relación con la
pieza que se va a trabajar.
1. El ángulo A (figura 8) se puede variar. En la mayoría de los casos, el ángulo óptimo es de 60 grados, punto en el que
el mango de la pistola está paralelo a la pieza a trabajar. Al aumentar el ángulo A se aumenta la penetración. Al
disminuirlo, se disminuye la penetración.
ANGULO A
Figura 8: Posición de la pistola , ángulo A
2. El ángulo B (figura 9) se puede variar por dos razones: para mejorar la capacidad de ver el arco en relación con el
baño de fusión y para dirigir la presión del arco.
La presión del arco eléctrico sigue una línea recta desde el extremo de la boquilla. Si se cambia el ángulo B, lo mismo
sucede con la dirección de la presión del arco y el punto en que se concentra la penetración.
En una junta a tope, la única razón para variar el ángulo B desde la perpendicular (directamente hacia arriba) con la
pieza que se está trabajando, es para mejorar la visibilidad del baño de fusión. En este caso, el ángulo B puede variarse
en cualquier punto entre 0º y 45º. Lo mejor es un ángulo de 30º.
En una junta ortogonal, la boquilla generalmente se coloca de tal manera que divida el ángulo entre el miembro
horizontal y el vertical de la junta. En la mayoría de los casos, una soldadura ortogonal es de 45º.
Distancia desde la pieza a trabajar
El extremo de la pistola de soldar está diseñado con la punta de contacto embutida en el extremo de la boquilla y ésta
aislada eléctricamente del resto de la pistola. Esto permite al operario apoyar la boquilla en la pieza a trabajar y
arrastrarla mientras suelda. Esto es muy útil para los soldadores principiantes pues les ayuda a mantener firme y estable
la pistola y a concentrarse en la técnica para soldar. Si sostiene la boquilla fuera de la pieza a trabajar, mantenga una
distancia constante entre la boquilla y la pieza a trabajar, y NO exceda de 1/4" ya que el arco empezaría a chisporrotear,
indicando una pérdida en el comportamiento de la soldadura.
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Figura 9: Posición de la pistola , ángulo B
15
ANGULO B
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Tabla de contenido
